One of the definitions of rcs is power reradiated toward the source per unit solid angle incident power density 4 v s. In this report, we evaluate the radar cross section rcs of inflight ballistic projectiles rockets, artillery rounds, and mortars by taking into account the relative position and orientation of the targets with respect to a groundbased radar. The use of rcs measurements of targets have expanded to more than solely military applications in the. Radar cross section handbook, george t ruck, donald e barrick, william d stuart, clarence k krichbaum published in 1970 in new york by plenum press services. Very rough surface the very rough surface is defined as having kosx. Even nonspecialists can understand how radar echo requirements may influence design objectives with this book. Rezende 2 1national institute for space research inpe, 2institute of aeronautics and space, depart ment of aerospace science and technology, brazil 1. Electronic warfare and radar systems engineering handbook. Williamscrampcurts, experimental study of the radar cross section of maritime targets, electronic circuits and.
Radar crosssection rcs analysis of high frequency surface. The approach utilized by the radar committee was the identification and adaptation of an existing, internationally recognized standard, combined with a clarifying handbook, recommended minimum evaluator qualifications, and evaluation criteria. Radar cross section handbook, volume 2 ruck, george t. Basics on radar cross section reduction measurements of. Lower the rcs, lower is the detectability and vice versa. The radar cross section of a target gives us information as to the nature and the position of the target.
Radar cross section handbook volume 1 george ruck springer. Radar cross section rcs radar cross section rcs radar cross section is the measure of a targets ability to reflect radar signals in the direction of the radar receiver, i. A proper method should be used to obtain the ship radar cross section rcs, which is a key parameter of the ship. Further curves for this model are found in radar cross section handbook ruck, barrick, and stuart. For the purpose of illustration, isotropic point scatterers are considered. Barrick is a member of sigma xi, ursi commissions f and c, ieee, the american geophysical union, and the american meteorological society. Krichbaum, january 1, 1970, plenum edition, hardcover in english 1 edition. Its accurate prediction has long been a hot research and engineering topic. Many present computer rcs models are based on theory delineated in this twovolume set. One is the strength of the radar beam sweeping over a target, the other is the strength of the reflected echo sensed by the receiver. There have been many new developments in the ten years since the first edition of radar and laser cross section engineering was published. This paper proposes a method based on an automatic information system ais.
This book shows how the rcs gauge can be predicted for theoretical objects and how it can be measured for real targets. Radar cross section is one of the key parameters in the detection of targets. Radar cross section measurement facilities documentation. Radar cross section handbook volume 2 of a twovolume set by george ruck and a great selection of related books, art and collectibles available now at.
A larger rcs indicates that an object is more easily detected. It is used to describe the amount of scattered power from a target towards the radar. Codar president donald barrick receives the ieee 2007. On the efficient computation of nearfield radar cross sections. Analysis of ship rcs detected by multifrequency hfgwr. In stealth design of aircrafts and sea vessels, it is required to maintain low rcs. Rezende2 1national institute for space research inpe, 2institute of aeronautics and space, department of aerospace science and technology, brazil 1. Maffett, the radar cross section of surface effect ships, report absorbent body for. Pdf basics on radar cross section reduction measurements of. Ep0104536a2 microstrip reflect array for satellite.
One of the important applications of high frequencyground wave radar hfgwr is to detect offshore ships. The primary measure of stealth, or low observability lo, is the radar cross section rcs of the target, whether its aircraft, missiles, or ships. Ruck, george buy this book softcover 166,39 price for spain gross buy softcover. The relationship of the ship rcs versus bearing for different frequencies is analyzed by. In this limit, the physical optics, or tangent plane, approach is the applicable technique for solution. Radar cross section handbook, volume 1 by george ruck english 1989 isbn. Radar cross section handbook, ghent university library. Pec sphere normalized with respect to its physical crosssection a. Knott, radar cross section, radar handbook, mcgrawhill, 1990. An object reflects a limited amount of radar energy back to the source.
Williamscrampcurts, experimental study of the radar cross section of maritime targets, electronic circuits and systems, olume 2, no 4, july 1978v. The evaluation is based on computer models of both the ballistic trajectory and the radar scattering from the targets. It captures some of the incident energy and reradiates it. Miacci and others published basics on radar cross section reduction measurements of simple and complex targets using microwave absorbers find, read and cite. Radar cross section of the surfaces at these higher frequencies. The radar cross section of an object exposed to a radar is a fictitious area that describes the intensity of the wave reflected back to the radar. The amount of energy it captures and scatters depends on its.
John deere tractor, holywood c albert bridge this one is steel, slab sided, 3. Radar crosssection rcs analysis of high frequency surface wave radar targets gonca c. Characteristics of radar cross section with different objects. Pdf basics on radar cross section reduction measurements. The thz compact radar ranges at the submillimeterwave technology laboratory. We have studied radar cross section in hfvhf bands with the objective of determining the inuence of sea and ground clutter. Radar cross section rcs is a comparison of two radar signal strengths. An isotropic scatterer is one that scatters incident waves equally in all directions. Researchers have simulated the qrcs for very limited geometries and even developed approximations to reduce the computational complexity of the simulations. Barrick that the surface is a perfect conductor restricts the use of gills model to sea surface. This radar handbook also explains the target cross sectiona radar echoes from ground and seaaand all radar systems, including mti, amti, pulse doppler, and others.
The rcs, as it is known in the trade, can be stated in very simple terms. The most simple approximation would be to use a straight line equal to 1 for. What could be the radar cross section of a tractor trailer in. Hf radar cross section primer don barrick february 2011 what is a radar cross section. Miacci and others published basics on radar cross section reduction measurements of simple and complex targets. Dec 23, 2016 the concept of the quantum radar cross section qrcs has generated interest due to its promising feature of enhanced side lobe target visibility in comparison to the classical radar cross section. To improve radar performance, a measure called radar cross section is calculated. In radar systems, the amount of energy reflected from a target is determined by the radar cross section rcs, defined as where represents the rcs, is the distance between the radar and the target, is the field strength of the signal reflected from the target, and is the field strength of the signal incident on the target. The radar receiver measures the energy in the return signal in decibel db units, but thats a hard way for normal people to visualize. Purchase methods of radar crosssection analysis 1st edition.
Radar cross section models are either exact methods or approximate methods. Apply to section engineer, research scientist, engineer and more. Radar cross section of flat plates painted with radar absorbing materials ram in the range of 812ghz is reported in 7. Purchase methods of radar cross section analysis 1st edition. Methods of radar crosssection analysis 1st edition. The obtained results demonstrate the ram coating causes a radar cross section reduction of 94% of the. Stealth technology is now an important consideration in the design of all types of platforms. Attempts were initially made to reduce the detectability of the aircraft by employing wood and other composites as aircraft materials since they were less. A passive array of resonantlydimensioned microstrip antenna radiator patches are closely spaced i. The radar pulse goes out from the transmitter, hits the target, and bounces back. When an electromagnetic radar wave strikes an object ship, sphere, etc.
251 968 618 1442 1209 439 397 122 758 1077 713 404 92 1402 195 772 1034 1377 1448 355 548 44 968 313 1323 1143 937 1495 839 525 416 240 707 1 24 30 1141 573 1290 455 661 1271 223